꽃잎을 형상화한 The W.I.N.D. House_ 더 윈드 하우스

통합된 지속 가능한 솔루션과 주택 자동화를 결합한 미래형 주택

네덜란드 서부의 노르트홀란트주에 풍경을 주제로 한 특별한 주택이 들어섰다. 이름 하여 더 윈드 하우스로 칭해진 이 주택은 “풍경이 건물이 된다”는 개념을 효과적으로 풀어내고 있다. 세계적인 건축디자인그룹 유엔스튜디오에서 디자인한 윈드하우스는 주변 환경과 계절에 반응하여 그 영향력을 조절하고 극대화시킨다는 점에서 여느 주거건물과 차별화된다. 배치도에서 잘 드러나듯 위에서 건물을 조망해보면 마치 네 개의 꽃잎이 만개해 있는 형상이다. 어찌 보면 바람개비 같기도 한 꽃잎 형태의 각기 다른 파사드들은 내부를 향해 유연하게 구부러져 있으며 외부의 풍경을 안으로 끌어들이고 있다. 저마다의 파사드는 각각의 영역에서 연못과 가든, 들판과 숲, 진입부 등과의 연계성을 강화시키고 있는 셈이다.

이러한 특별한 공간 구성은 집을 둘러싸고 있는 다양한 외부 환경에 기인한 것이다. 곡선형 파사드는 시각적으로 서로 연결되어 있으며 건물의 중심부를 관통하며 건너편과 대각선의 전망을 여유롭게 제공한다. 개인적인 업무공간과 침실은 뒤쪽에 배치되었고 주변을 둘러싸고 있는 나무가 거주자의 프라이버시를 보장할 수 있는 환경을 제공한다. 거실 공간은 집의 앞쪽에 자리하며 광활한 해안 간척지의 전경을 바라볼 수 있다. 건물의 앞과 뒤는 투명한 유리로 덮여 있어 두 개의 서로 다른 외부 환경을 내부와 함께 연결하고 있다. 외부의 캐노피와 측면의 벽은 이러한 연결성을 강화시킨다. 그 이외의 벽들은 대부분 닫혀있어 이웃들로부터 사생활을 보호받을 수 있다.

과거에 세계박람회나 공상과학 속에서만 볼 수 있었던 미래의 주거가 점차 현실이 되어가고 있다. 스마트홈을 통해 정보기술이 통합되고 자동화되면서 시스템과 기기들은 다양한 방식으로 소통할 수 있게 된다. 이를 통해 거주자는 편리하면서도 에너지 효율성과 안정성이 보장된 주택에서 생활할 수 있게 된다. 현대사회에서 스마트홈은 원거리에서 기기의 통제가 가능하고 필수적인 장치와 물질들을 결합시킬 뿐만 아니라 우리의 생활방식을 변화시키고 있다. 여기에서 주택의 가변성 있는 평면은 기능의 측면에서 다양성을 허용한다.

가족의 변화하는 다양한 요구에 부합하여 모임, 격리, 업무, 놀이에 대한 선택권을 제공한다. 이러한 오늘날의 주거 형태는 거주자의 라이프스타일에 따라 그들의 집을 구성할 수 있게 만든다. 총체적인 지속가능성을 위해 단순히 시각적으로 디자인에 녹색을 더하는 것과는 달리, 주택자동화 기술의 통합은 더욱 진화되고 있다. 오늘날의 스마트 홈 기술은 그것 자체가 목적이거나 새로운 가치를 위한 것이 아니라 향상된 편리함과 안전성에 대한 거주자들의 요구에 눈에 띄지 않게 맞추어지고 있다. 건축에 대한 이러한 도전은 거주자들에 의해 요구되는 유연성, 지속가능성, 상호작용을 정확하게 반영하는 디자인이라고 할 수 있다.

그런 점에서 더 윈드 하우스(The W.I.N.D House)는 통합된 지속 가능한 해결책과 주택 자동화를 결합시킨 사례라고 할 수 있다. 공간의 유연성, 주변 풍경과의 조화로움, 원심성의 순환관계는 더 윈드 하우스 디자인의 근간을 형성한다. 종합적인 주거 자동화 시스템은 태양광 패널과 기계설비와 같은 전기 시스템의 제어를 가능하게 한다. 스마트 홈의 완전한 통제는 거실에 있는 중앙 터치스크린에 의해 가능하며 기타 장치들 역시 각 방에서 통제가 가능하다. 또한 제어는 LAN연결을 넘어서 독립적인 장치들에 의해 원거리에서 가능하다.

더 윈드 하우스의 지붕에는 태양광 패널이 부착되어 건물의 태양에너지를 공급한다. 건물의 통합된 지속가능성 개념은 냉난방을 위한 중앙 공기/물 열 펌프와 폐열을 이용한 기계적 통풍장치로 가능하다. 열 펌프는 겨울에는 따뜻하고 여름에는 시원한 환경을 제공한다. 전면 유리로 덮인 파사드는 색유리를 사용함으로써 일사열의 흡수를 적절히 조절할 수 있게 만든다.

이러한 코팅 유리는 낮에는 프라이버시를 증가시키는 동시에 내부 공간에 자연채광을 가능하게 한다. 건물의 벽과 천정은 천연 치장벽토로 덮여있다. 주요 벽은 진흙벽돌로 구성되어 있으며, 이는 점토의 증발 효과로 인해 주택 내부에 건강한 실내 온도를 제공한다. 이처럼 노르트홀란트주의 한가로운 전원을 배경을 들어선 더 윈드하우스는 거주자의 다양한 라이프스타일을 반영한 독창적인 디자인, 대지 주변 흐름과의 건강한 관계 맺기, 미래를 생각하는 지속가능한 대안 제시를 엿볼 수 있는 범상치 않은 주거공간이라는 점에서 시사하는 바가 적지 않다. ANN

Architect_ Ben van Berkel

자료 UN Studio, Photo by Inga Powilleit, Fedde de Weert

The ‘homes of the future’, previously the stuff of fantasy exhibited only in World's Fairs and science fiction, are increasingly becoming a reality. Automation and connectivity are making it possible for today’s smart homes to integrate information technologies through which systems and appliances are able to communicate in an integrated way, resulting in vastly increased convenience, energy efficiency, safety and security. However, the contemporary smart home not only enables the control of appliances from afar and incorporates the necessary installations and materials to aim for a zero net energy building, it also responds to changes in today’s lifestyles. Flexible floor plans are incorporated which allow for diversity in function through the years to correspond to the family’s changing needs and thus offer choice for gathering, seclusion, work or play.

The organization of the contemporary home therefore affords the residents choice and enables them to curate their own home life. Just as truly comprehensive sustainability is not merely about adding visibly ‘green’ touches to your designs, the incorporation of home automation technology has also been much refined since the predictive ‘futuristic’ show homes of the last century. In today’s smart homes technology is incorporated not for its own sake, nor for novelty value, but inconspicuously and tailored to the needs of the owners for increased comfort, convenience and safety. The challenge for the architect then is a design response that accurately reflects the degrees of flexibility, sustainability and interaction required by the owners and the incorporation of these into the overall concept of the design. The W.I.N.D. House therefore incorporates both integrated sustainable solutions and home automation, whilst flexibility of spaces, the comprehensive assimilation of the surrounding landscape and a centrifugal circulation form the basis of the design.

Located on the outskirts of a Dutch village and close to the sea in the province of Noord-Holland, the W.I.N.D. House is backed by a sheltered wooded area and fronted by a large, open expanse of polder landscape. The design of the house responds to both its setting and to the seasons, whilst regulating and maximising upon the effects of these. A comprehensive home automation system enables integrated control of the electrical systems including solar panels and mechanical installations. Complete control of this ‘smart home’ is possible by a central touch-screen in the living area, while decentral devices provide dedicated control per room. Furthermore control is possible remotely by independent devices via LAN-connection. Energy from the sun is harvested by solar panels located on the roof at the back of the house. In addition the integrated sustainability concept of the house consists of a central air/water heat pump for heating and cooling and mechanical ventilation with waste heat recovery. The heat pump provides warmth in the winter and cooling during the summer. Distribution is provided by floor heating and cooling with individual control for each room. The condenser for the heat pump is located outside of the building in the garden, while the aggregate is located in the technical space in the basement. Heat gain is reduced through the use of tinted glass on the fully glazed front and back facades. This coated glazing further enables natural light to flood the interior spaces, whilst increasing privacy during daytime. The walls and ceilings of the house are clad with natural clay stucco and the main walls consist of clay bricks which aid in providing a healthy indoor climate due to the evaporating effect of the clay.

The organization of the house is defined by its external conditions. The more intimate working and sleeping areas are located towards the back, where the enclosure of the nearby woods provides an intimate, private setting, while the living areas enjoy expansive and panoramic views of the polder landscape to the front. Both the front and rear of the house are fully glazed and as such connect the two differing outside conditions with the interior. Exterior canopies and side walls further strengthen this connection by framing the view towards the landscape and providing sheltered outside terraces. These side walls are predominantly closed and therefore additionally serve to provide privacy from the neighbouring buildings on either side. Suggesting the shape of a simple flower, each of the four facades curve towards the inside to create four distinct petal-like wings and to draw the landscape further into the interior. These curving recesses are visually connected to each other through their view lines, which cross at the heart of the building and provide varied diagonal vistas throughout the building. At the front and back the recesses strengthen the inside-outside connection by providing cross views between the wings. On the sides the recesses frame two narrow openings over the full height of the building which serve as a counterpart to the wide and horizontal views afforded at the front and rear. The main entrance to the building is located in one of these side recesses.

The vertical organization of the building follows a centrifugal split-level principle. An open staircase at the centre of the house - which forms the circulation core between the four recesses - connects the front and back wings, with the result that each turn on the stair provides expansive vistas through the house and out towards the surrounding landscape. The entrance level houses basement functions and the carport, which is situated next to the main entrance. From the main entrance the central staircase leads towards the children rooms and the music room on the first floor to the rear of the house. From here it proceeds up to the raised first level at the front of the house, where the main living area and kitchen are located. Here one front wing serves as the living space, where the back wall houses built-in storage, an open fireplace and a bench, all of which are integrated into one furniture element. This element forms a closed backdrop in contrast to the glazed and open facade overlooking the polder landscape. The dining area with an open kitchen is positioned in the adjacent front wing, with both wings being separated by a recess. A wooden podium for display, which curves around this glazed recess, softly connects the living and the dining area. The elevated position of these living areas further enhances the views to the exterior. The garden area in front of the wings slopes gently up towards the terraces, creating the impression of a continuation of the polder landscape directly into the house. From the living areas the staircase leads up to the second level at the rear of the house, where the Master bedroom with hamam and the guest room are located, before ascending further up to the generous roof terrace which covers the complete two front wings of the house and overlooks the polder landscape.

Almost all floors are homogenously covered with a PU-coating in soft tones to increase the fluid connection between all areas. The sleeping areas have a slightly darker tone to emphasise the intimacy of these spaces. For acoustic reasons oak flooring is employed in the music room. The natural clay stucco of the walls and ceilings strengthens the natural appearance and the connection with the landscape. The facade and the roof are clad with wooden slats that occasionally taper in and out, providing a play of varying shadows according to different views, whilst also creating soft openings for secondary windows in the kitchen and bathroom.

UN Studio United Network Studio UN Studio, founded in 1988 by Ben van Berkel and Caroline Bos, is a Dutch architectural design studio specializing in architecture, urban development and infrastructural projects. The name, UN Studio, stands for United Network Studio, referring to the collaborative nature of the practice. In 2009 UN Studio Asia was established, with its first office located in Shanghai, China. UNStudio Shanghai is a full daughter of UN Studio and is intricately connected to UN Studio Amsterdam. Initially serving to facilitate the design process for the Raffles City project in Hangzhou, UNStudio Shanghai has expanded into a full-service design office with a multinational team of allround and specialist architects. In 2014 we opened our third fiocfe in Hong Kong.

Architects: UN Studio Design Team/ Ben van Berkel, Gerard Loozekoot with Jacques van Wijk and Hans Kooij, Lars Nixdorff, Thomas Harms, Gustav Fagerstrom, Ramon van der Heijden Tatjana Gorbachewskaja, Jesca de Vries, Wesley Lanckriet, Maud van Hees, Benjamin Moore, Henk van Schuppen, Philipp Mecke, Colette Parras, Daniela Hake, Mazin Ofarli and Selim Ahmad.

Client: undisclosed

Location: Noord-Holland, Netherlands

Building surface gross: 528m²

Building surface net: 406m²

Buildingvolume: 1,677m³

Building site: 2,350m²

Programme: single family house

Advisors_ Structural Engineer/ Pieters Bouwtechniek, Haarlem, Mechanical, plumbing/ Ingenieursburo Linssen bv., Amsterdam, Electrical and Domotica/ Elektrokern Solutions, Alkmaar

Building Physics/ Mobius Consult, Driebergen, Interior Design/ UN Studio, Tim-Alkmaar, Alkmaar, Landscape Design/ UN Studio, Lighting Design/ Elektrokern Solutions, Alkmaar, Special Acoustics/ Hans Koomans Studio Design, Amsterdam, Cost Management/ Basaltbouwadviesbv., Nieuwegein, Studio Bouwhavenbv., Barendrecht, Site Management/ Studio Bouwhaven bv., Barendrecht, Tender Documents: Adviesbureau Both, Haarlem, Furniture & accessories featured in photos: Supplied by Co van der Horst, Amstelveen