기하학적이면서 유선형의 리투아니아 ‘빌뉴스 철도역 재개발(Vilnius railway station, Lithuania)’ 통합 교통허브

분리된 도시를 연결하는 46m 너비에 150m의 철도 플랫폼을 구성된 유기적인 그린 커넥터

리투아니아의 수도 빌뉴스의 철도역과 주변 지역을 재개발하기 위한 국제공모전에 자하하디드건축이 당선되었다.

자하하디드의 그린 컨넥트(Green Connect)를 만들기 위한 획기적인 제안은 자연으로 둘러싸인 시민 공간으로 21세기 최신 통합 교통허브를 만들어준다.

ZHA의 새로운 디자인은 도심의 남쪽 Naujininkai 지구와 빌뉴스 구시가지를 연결하는 공공 브리지 역할을 한다. 기존의 도시를 분리하는 장벽으로서의 철도역에서 하나의 유기적인 커넥터로 유럽의 고속 네트워크와 발트해 철도노선 및 지역 철도 서비스의 운송 허브 역할을 맡게 된다. 약 9,500㎡의 새롭게 조성되는 중앙홀 브리지는 기존의 철도역사의 건물을 인정하고 현대적으로 재해석하고 있다. 전체적인 디자인은 기존의 신고전주의 양식의 철도역을 모티브로 삼아 부드러우면서도 기하학적으로 형성된 유선형의 볼륨을 한껏 자아낸다.

새롭게 형성된 중앙홀 브리지는 너비가 46m이고 철도 플랫폼을 가로질러 150m에 걸쳐 펼쳐져 있다. 철도 선로 위의 10m를 지지하는 교량 지붕 구조 덕에 유기적인 모습을 반영한다.

빌뉴스 철도역 재개발에서 ZHA가 제시하는 디자인은 무엇보다 보행자와 자전거를 이용하는 사람들을 우선적으로 생각하고 이들을 위한 지속가능한 디자인을 추구하고 있다는 점이다. 길게 연속된 공공브리지의 흐름을 따라 형성된 철도역은 선형 채광창과 정면의 자연 채광을 통해 중앙홀로의 풍부한 빛을 유입한다.

철도역 앞의 Stoties Square Park의 풍경은 원형 극장과 램프, 공용 테라스로 입체적으로 구성되며, 사람들의 움직임을 머물게 만들기도 하고 철도역으로 연결시키기도 한다. 광장의 기존 주차장은 새로운 지하시설로 이전되고 인접공원에는 300그루 이상의 새로운 수목이 식재되고 가로수길이 형성된다. 4,000㎡ 규모의 조경시설은 도시의 활기를 반영하는 멋진 공간으로 작용한다. 철도역과 연결하는 버스 정류장의 계단식 조경은 경량화 되고 내화성이 있는 적층 목재로 구성된다. 터미널 상부의 녹색 지붕은 건물의 온도를 낮추는 동시에 겨울철에는 단열을 제공하는 장치이다.

건물에 적용한 에너지 효율성 또한 건축물의 가치를 높여준다. 에너지 생산 기술과 오염 제거를 위한 통합디자인을 적용함으로써 인접 지역의 공기질을 개선하는 효과를 얻는다. 연간 태양열 복사 분석을 통해 광전지 패널을 도입함으로써 겨울철에는 내부의 빛을 최대로 유입하게 하고 여름철에는 눈부심을 줄여준다.

자하하디드의 건축가 지안루카 라카나(Gianluca Racana) 디렉터는 “빌뉴스의 전략적으로 중요한 위치에 특별한 교통허브의 제안을 통해 빌뉴스 시와 지역사회를 위한 새로운 변화의 바람을 일으키고자 한다”고 밝혔다. Remigijus Šimašius 빌뉴스 시장은 “기차역과 버스정류장, 대중교통터미널 및 광장을 포함한 개발을 통해 친환경적이면서도 편안한 공공 공간을 조성하고자 한다”고 전했다. ANN

Architect_ Zaha Hadid Architects (ZHA)

Design_ Patrik Schumacher

ZHA Director_ Gianluca Racana

자료_ ZHA, Render(Frontop, Negativ)

The evaluation commission of the international architectural competition to select the best concepts for the redevelopment of the Vilnius railway station complex and surrounding area awarded the highest ranking to the proposal by Zaha Hadid Architects.

Zaha Hadid Architects' ‘Green Connect’ proposal creates an integrated transportation hub for the 21st century with new civic spaces enveloped by nature.

Gianluca Racana, Zaha Hadid Architects’ Director said, "It is an honour to be awarded highest ranking in this competition for such a strategically important site for Vilnius. ‘Green Connect’ will be a future-proof transport hub designed with the passenger experience in mind. Providing a wealth of new public space, our proposals transform the site into a destination not only for those using the transportation hub but also for the city of Vilnius and the local community."

Integral to the city’s ongoing sustainability agenda that prioritizes pedestrians and cyclists, Zaha Hadid Architects' proposal to upgrade Vilnius railway station incorporates a new public bridge over the railway tracks that connects the Naujininkai district to the south with the city centre and Vilnius old town; transforming the existing rail infrastructure from being a barrier that divides the city into a connector that unites Vilnius and serves as a transport hub for national and local rail services in addition to the new Rail Baltic line that links with Europe’s high-speed network.

The renovation and reuse of the original station creates a new 9,500 sq. m concourse bridge that is a contemporary reinterpretation informed by the existing heritage building.

The composition of the station’s new bridge gradually transforms along its length; from the pitched roof defined by the existing neoclassical station’s triangular pediment into softer geometries and volumes that reduce in scale to land at Pelosos Street in the Naujininkai district. A linear skylight along the length of the bridge and glazed facades over the railway tracks provide natural light and intuitive navigation through the concourse.

Removing the temporary kiosks and offices installed over recent decades, the clarity of the existing 9,000 sq. m station is restored and linked with a new public transport terminal for the city’s bus networks. Designed as an inhabited landscape within the upgraded Stoties Square park in front of the station, the terminal’s outdoor amphitheatre and ramp lead to a public terrace on its roof.

Relocating the existing car parking in Stoties Square to a new underground facility, the square and its adjacent park will become a vibrant civic space for the city with over 300 new trees and 4,000 sq. m of landscaping including the creation of tree-lined avenues along its main axes and water gardens for the natural collection, filtration and purification of rainwater.

The new concourse bridge is 46 metres wide and spans 150 meters across the railway platforms. Supported 10 metres above the tracks, the fluid forms of the bridge’s roof structure and the terraced landscape of the bus terminal are constructed in locally-sourced laminated timber that is lightweight, fire resistant and incorporates low embodied carbon.

Nature-based solutions are integral to the design. Green roofs, landscaping and planting will lower temperatures in summer and provide heat insulation in the winter. Creating an interconnected series of natural habitats within the city, these urban green spaces are easily accessible and can be enjoyed by communities throughout the year to enhance wellbeing and interaction.

Zaha Hadid Architects' design to renovate Vilnius Railway Station and surrounding areas also incorporates energy production technologies and depolluting strategies to improve air quality within its adjacent neighbourhoods. Annual solar radiation analysis has defined the facades to maximise sunlight within its interiors in winter and reduce glare in the summer. This analysis also determined the positioning of photovoltaic panels for optimum efficiency.

Vilnius Mayor Remigijus Šimašius said, "We are working to ensure that the entire station district, including the railway station, bus station, public transport terminal and square, meets the criteria for the city we are developing today: green, comfortable and inspiring. We are already investing in the surrounding spaces and are ready to invest even more in the square, the streets and the new, more comfortable and greener face of Vilnius.”

Mantas Bartuška, Head of Lietuvos Geležinkeliai (LTG), the company managing the country's railway network, said, “In a modern city, the station is no longer just a building where you can buy a ticket or sit before your trip. The station and its surroundings must become a destination providing public spaces with leisure and service areas, convenient connections for pedestrians, cyclists and all those who choose to travel comfortably and sustainably by train. As a result, we are determined to open and convert the station’s formerly inaccessible industrial spaces for use by all residents.”

Vilnius’ Chief Architect Mindaugas Pakalnis said, “We received many strong proposals that can enrich the architectural face of the city. Designers of the commission's preferred concept, Zaha Hadid Architects, know Vilnius and have extensive experience designing detailed projects that include the Rail Baltica railway station in Tallinn. The concept presents a unique, recognizable, contextually appropriate design for the new station terminal that creates network of public spaces of the highest quality and establishes important connections between the Naujininkai, Naujamiestis and Senamiestis districts of the city. In addition, it successfully combines functional and aesthetic solutions and creates opportunities to convert the former railway maintenance yard and surrounding areas. Of course, this is only an initial idea that can be explored and developed in detail.”

Project Team_ Architect: Zaha Hadid Architects (ZHA), Design: Patrik Schumacher, ZHA Director: Gianluca Racana, ZHA Project Directors: Ludovico Lombardi, Michele Salvi, ZHA Project Associate: Davide del Giudice, ZHA Project Team: Alexandra Fisher, Jose Navarrete Deza, Maria Lagging, Richard Maekallas, May Harper, ZHA Sustainability Team: Carlos Bausa Martinez, Megan Smylie, Taras Kashko, Vera Kichanova, Consultants_ Local Executive Architect: CLOUD architektai, Engineers: Sweco Lietuva UAB, Landscape Architect: LAND srl