도심항공교통(Urban air mobility) 네트워크 시스템을 통한 도심항공교통 통합 인테그레이션(UAM City Integration)

교육 및 의료시설, 비즈니스 인큐베이터가 있는 버티 허브이자 도로나 철도 선로와 같은 인프라로 인해 분열된 영역에서는 이웃을 이어주는 다리 역할을 할 것

도시의 밀도가 높아지고 빠르게 성장할수록 항공 모빌리티 산업의 가파른 성장세를 보이고 있다. 교통체증으로 인해 짜증스러운 출퇴근길을 에어택시를 타고 하늘을 날아가는 것이 점차 현실화되고 있다. 이런 항공 모빌리티 산업의 급성장 시점에서 세계적인 건축회사 MVRDV와 에어버스가 공동으로 항공 모빌리티를 통한 도시환경을 통합하는 방식을 연구해 관심을 모은다.

컴퓨팅, 재료 및 전기 추진 기술의 발전으로 인해 이제 머지않아 도심항공교통(UMA) 이 현실화된다. UMA(Urban air mobility) City Integration은 이러한 비행 차량이 도시 환경에 어떠한 영향을 미치고 에너지, 소음, 안전 문제에 어떻게 접근하며, 도시 개선을 위해 어떻게 활용할 수 있을 지에 대한 진지한 고민을 담고 있다. 이러한 질문에 답하기 위해 MVRDV는 Airbus, Bauhaus Luftfahrt, ETH Zurich 및 Systra와 협력하여 UAM(Urban Air Mobility)의 미래를 연구하고 계획했다.

주문형 헬리콥터 서비스인 Voom 덕분에 UAM 분야의 리더 격인 도심항공 모빌리티(Airbus Urban Mobility)는 포괄적인 이동성 개념을 구상하고 있다. MVRDV는 2년 동안 UAM을 활용해 전 세계 도시의 성장을 위해 전략적 도시개발 시나리오를 에어버스에 지원했다.

그 잠재력의 열쇠는 항공 네트워크를 기존 지상 운송시스템과 통합함으로써 UAM의 이착륙을 위한 버티포트(vertiports, 일종의 UAM의 수직이착륙장)에 있다. 전통적인 정류장, 역, 터미널과 마찬가지로 다양한 크기의 버티포트를 구상했다. UAM을 위한 버티포트는 기차나 지하철, 버스와 같은 다른 교통수단과 달리 선형 인프라를 필요로 하지 않는다. 트랙, 터널, 도로가 필요없으며 에너지, 천연 자원 및 토지를 절약할 수 있다. 이를 통해 설계자는 버티포트를 다양한 위치에 적용하고 구성함으로써 기존 도시 시나리오에 연결하고 향상시킬 수 있게 된다.

버티 포트는 통합 프로세스의 기본 단계로 자원 및 영향 문제를 해결함으로써 도시 개선을 위한 촉매제로 설계되었다. 버티 포트는 단지 정거장의 기능뿐만 아니라 지속가능하고 탄력적인 상태를 유지하면서 재생 가능 에너지, 데이터 및 공공 편의시설의 허브로 확장할 수 있게 된다. 이처럼 미래 항공운송은 에너지 및 데이터의 지역 스마트 그리드에 생태학적으로 책임 있는 기여를 장려한다.

MVRDV의 이번 연구는 항공운송 네트워크 시스템을 만드는 것은 물론 지역 환경에 서비스를 제공하고 다른 복합 운송 옵션과 통합함으로써 지속가능한 대중교통의 개발을 고려한 것이다. 미개발 지역에서 버티포트는 교육 및 의료시설, 비즈니스 인큐베이터가 있는 허브가 되고 도로나 철도 선로와 같은 인프라로 인해 분열된 영역에서는 이웃을 이어주는 다리 역할을 하게 된다.

점차 도시가 과밀해지고 항공기술이 높은 수준으로 향상됨으로써 비행차량을 포함한 미래 도시 모델이 구체화되고 있다. UAM은 도시의 기존 교통 인프라를 대체해서는 안 된다는 점을 인식하고 공항과 ​​같은 주요 교통 허브와 비즈니스 센터를 연결하는 서비스로서 개발하고 있다. UAM이 광범위한 버티포트 네트워크로 효과적으로 구축되면 철도 또는 도로 인프라를 보완하는 개별 또는 분산 모드의 이동성 시스템에 기여할 것이다. ANN

Architect_ MVRDV

Founding Partner in charge_ Winy Maas

Director_ Enno Zuidema

How Air Mobility Can Serve a Greater Good: A Research Collaboration by MVRDV and Airbus Investigates How to Integrate Air Mobility into Urban Environments

Thanks to advances in computing, materials, and electric propulsion technology, one of the most enduring symbols of futurism – flying vehicles – may soon become reality. But in spite of their long presence in the public consciousness, some fundamental questions have not, until now, been addressed: How will these flying vehicles impact our urban environments? How can issues of energy, sound, and safety be approached? What protocols should be established with authorities to guarantee their safe and harmonious integration? More importantly, how could they be leveraged to improve our cities – not only for their users, but for everybody? To answer these questions, MVRDV worked with Airbus, Bauhaus Luftfahrt, ETH Zurich, and Systra to research and plan for the future of Urban Air Mobility (UAM).

A leader in the field of UAM thanks to their on-demand helicopter service Voom, Airbus Urban Mobility envisions a comprehensive mobility concept. Over the course of the last two years, MVRDV supported Airbus in exploring strategic urban development scenarios that leverage UAM as an opportunity to grow cities around the globe into thriving urban regions. Crucially, the study aimed to avoid any detrimental impacts from this disruptive technology, which can so easily arise when truly revolutionary transport modes are introduced to cities without careful planning for both short-term and long-term scenarios. Instead, the research highlights how, when implemented with urban principles in mind, UAM can reconnect territories with minimal impact, and deliver a multi-modal system that is accessible to, and beneficial for, people of all backgrounds.

The key to unlocking this potential lies largely in vertiports, landing hubs that integrate the aerial network with the existing and future ground transportation system. The research findings envisaged vertiports of various types and sizes, just like traditional transport stops, stations, and terminals. However, unlike stations for other urban transport options such as trains, metros, or buses, the network does not require any linear infrastructure in between. No tracks, tunnels or roads are required, saving energy, natural resources, and land. This allows designers to adapt the vertiports to a variety of different locations, plugging into and enhancing existing urban scenarios with a number of different configurations.

The vertiports have been designed as catalysts for urban improvement by addressing the question of resources and impact as a foundational step in their integration process. Vertiports are thought of not just as stations, but also as hubs of renewable energy, data, and public amenities, that can scale while remaining sustainable and resilient. Air transport incentivizes an ecologically responsible contribution to the local smart grids of energy and data. The research also considered the principles of transit-oriented development, not only by bringing airborne transport links, but also by integrating with other multimodal transport options to serve local surroundings and solve the problem of the “last mile”. In locations that are underdeveloped, vertiports can be designed as opportunity hubs with educational and healthcare facilities, or business incubators, for example, while in areas fractured by infrastructure such as roads or railway tracks, a vertiport can serve as a bridge connecting neighbourhoods.

“As cities become denser and technologies improve, it becomes increasingly clear that the truly three-dimensional city – one that includes flying vehicles – is surely one of the city models of the future… a city where my mobility is at my balcony!” says Winy Maas, founding partner of MVRDV. “But to reach this future will require many small steps. It’s a credit to Airbus that they are thinking about these issues in advance, and doing so in a way that will improve things in the meantime.”

On a broader scale, the research investigates the potential of future UAM networks within cities. It recognises that UAM should not seek to replace cities’ existing transport infrastructure, and acknowledges the short-term business case for UAM as a service that connects major transportation hubs such as airports with business centres. However, it also looks towards a more mature stage in the technology’s implementation. The research concludes that once UAM is well established with an extensive network of vertiports, it could serve as an interesting contributor to a mobility system of discrete and distributed modes that complement rail or road infrastructure.

A mature network of vertiports could serve to connect disadvantaged areas of cities and remote areas without the need for expensive infrastructure; could vastly improve emergency response times; and could even allow ‘technological leapfrogging’ in developing countries, providing a transit network that is relatively inexpensive to create in cities that never developed extensive metro or tram systems. Together these benefits can give cities the accessibility that is needed to attract new economic opportunities.

Communicating this nuanced vision for a connected future to the public requires an approach that spans multiple forms of media. In order to create a tangible vision of what such a future might look like, MVRDV and Airbus developed a number of scenarios based on cities around the world that show how vertiports could be integrated into a variety of urban scenarios. The research findings were also translated into an immersive exhibition titled The City and the Sky Above, created through a collaboration between MVRDV, Airbus, and Squint/Opera that is currently on display at the Bi-City Biennale of Urbanism\Architecture, with the potential to be shown at other events worldwide. Together, these illustrations and media installations give a glimpse into a future world that masters technology for a more responsible, more collaborative, and more accessible society.

Project Name: UAM City Integration, Location: n/a, Client: Airbus Urban Mobility, Size and Programme: Research

Credits_ Architect: MVRDV, Founding Partner in charge: Winy Maas

Director: Enno Zuidema, Design Team: Jeroen Zuidgeest, Bertrand Schippan, Kris Schaasberg, Irene Luque Martín, Halina Zarate, Chun Hoi Hui, Laura Huerga, Rocio Calzado, Alexandra Farmazon, Sophia Armpara, Francesco Barone, Boris Maas, Vedran Skansi, Monika Novkovikj, Paul van Herk, Yayun Liu, Leo Stuckardt, Chiara Thomassi, Nika Jazaei, Isabella Suppa, Visualisations: Antonio Luca Coco, Luca Piattelli, Francesco Vitale, Pavlos Ventouris, Kirill Emelianov, Magda Bykowska, Jaroslaw Jeda, Angelo La Delfa, Strategy & Development: Jan Knikker, Bart Dankers, Daan van Gool, Greetje Wieringa

Partners_ UAM Team: Systra, Tractebel Engie, ETH Zurich, Bauhaus Luftfahrt, MIT, Upstone Biennale video production: Squint Opera

Copyright: MVRDV(Winy Maas, Jacob van Rijs, Nathalie de Vries)