One Thousand Museum, Miami_ 마이애미 1000 뮤지엄

유동적이고 역동성을 불러일으키는 66층 규모의 콘도미니엄 타워

근육질을 연상케하는 견고한 외골격 구조로 강력한 허리케인에 대응하고 독창적인 구조미를 이끌어내

‘1000 뮤지엄’은 마이애미 해변에 66층 높이의 83유닛의 초대형 럭셔리 콘도미니엄 타워다. 타워가 위치한 곳은 마이애미의 비스케인대로와 노스이스트가 사이로 맞은편에는 박물관공원이 자리한 전망 좋은 곳이다.

타워 외관은 부드럽게 건물을 에워싸듯 강화콘크리트로 외골격을 갖추고 있는 것이 특색 있다. 건물의 하부에서 시작하여 모서리에서 만나 상층부로 이어지는 콘크리트 외골격 구조(concrete exoskeleton structures)는 타워를 구조적으로 감싸는 견고한 튜브 형태로 마이애미의 까다로운 풍하중을 견딜 수 있도록 설계되었다. 이러한 구조 덕택에 타워 내부는 기둥이 거의 없으므로 자유로운 평면 구성이 가능하다는 장점을 지닌다. 외골격 구조의 움직이는 듯 부드러운 곡선은 타워의 독창성을 부여하기에 충분하다.

타워의 상층부는 듀플렉스형 펜트하우스, 중상층은 풀 플로어 펜트하우스와 핼프 플로어 레지던스, 저층부는 타운하우스 레지던스로 구성된다(Townhouse Units 4, Half Floor Units 70, Full Floor Units 8, Penthouse 1). 최상층에는 아쿠아센터와 레저 및 이벤트 공간이 자리 잡게 되며, 저층부는 수영장과 스파, 상업시설과 주차장으로 구성된다.

자하하디드건축의 프로젝트 책임자인 크리스 레핀은 “연속적인 리퀴드 프레임(liquid frame)을 통해 허리케인에 강한 타워의 견고한 구조를 형성하며, 키가 크고 날씬한 구조는 유동적이면서도 역동적인 아름다움을 표현하고자 했다”고 설명한다. 1000 뮤지엄의 타워 구조는 다이아그리드는 아니지만 그 특유의 대각선으로 뻗어가는 곡선은 타워의 독창적 구조미를 유발한다. 단순히 스틸 프레임을 클레이딩하기 보다는 날렵하면서도 얇은 구조와 미적 기준을 실험적으로 구현한 것이다. 마이아미 해변의 강렬한 햇빛을 머금고 새롭게 들어서게 될 1000 뮤지엄은 자하하디드건축의 혁신적인 타워 디자인의 선례로 남게 될 것이다.

김미현·최정민 기자

Architects_ Zaha Hadid and Patrik Schumacher, Project Director_ Chris Lépine

자료_ Zaha Hadid Architects

For an architect who occupies a Z-dimension all her own, Zaha Hadid, Hon. FAIA, has seldom constructed high along that Z axis. She has built many multi-level and mid-rise institutional buildings, but very few towers. That is about to change. This June, ground breaks on One Thousand Museum, a 66-story, 83-unit, super-luxury condominium tower on Biscayne Boulevard in Miami, opposite Museum Park, with views across Biscayne Bay to Miami Beach.

The project is no less Zaha at this unprecedented scale. A concrete exoskeleton structures the perimeter of the tower in a web of flowing lines that integrates lateral bracing within the lines of structural support. Columnar lines near the base splay out to meet at the corners, forming a rigid tube highly resistant to Miami’s demanding wind loads. With structure at the perimeter, the interior floor plates are almost column free, allowing maximum variation in floor plans. The bottom two-thirds of the tower has two units per floor, while the upper third boasts units that occupy the entire floor. The moving, curving lines of the exoskeleton mean that each succeeding floor plan is slightly different from the last. On the lower floors, terraces occupy the corners; on the upper floors, the terraces are tucked in from the edges.

A duplex penthouse occupies the last two residential floors. The final floor features an aquatic center, leisure area, and event space. There is commercial space at the base, along with several stories of parking. At grade, the tower is ringed by pools and gardens.

Zaha Hadid Architects project director Chris Lepine says that the structure—which appears as if it were eroded from a solid—reads from top to bottom as one continuous liquid frame. The tower represents a line of research in high-rise construction that explores a fluid architectural expression consistent with engineering for the entire height of the structure. The emphasis is on expressing the dynamism of the structure in an integrated whole that avoids the frequent typology of a tower resting on a base.

Lepine points out that while the architects have worked to express the structure and its beauty within a tall, slender tower, the structure itself is “purposeful” in that it is rigid, stiff, and hurricane resistant. It's not a diagrid structure—but its curving lines allow a diagonal bracketing action. “We had this idea of a fluidity that is both structural and architectural,” Lepine says.

Instead of simply cladding a steel frame, the architects are designing expressive form-work, which can be reused as construction progresses up the tower. The concrete will be painted so that its finished surface is also the architectural finish. “A lot of innovation comes in how we build the form work. We’re looking at several solutions,” continues Lepine. Behind the exoskeleton, the architects have created a folded, faceted, crystal-like facade to contrast with the solidity of the exoskeleton. The dependable

Miami sun will create plays of light on the glass within the structural frame. “What you see is literally structure getting thicker and thinner, as needed," Lepine says. "There’s a continuity between the disciplines, between the architecture and engineering, to create that impression.”

Developers Gregg Covin and Louis Birdman of One Thousand Museum Limited commissioned Hadid to do the design, in association with the local architect of record, O’Donnell Dannwolf Partners Architects. Hadid started One Thousand Museum after being commissioned to design Collins Park Garage, a combination parking garage and public plaza now also in working drawings. There will soon be two notable Hadid structures in Miami as Hadid finally breaks into large-scale construction in the United States.

Location: Miami Beach, USA

Architect: Zaha Hadid Architects

Design: Zaha Hadid and Patrik Schumacher

Project Director: Chris Lépine

Project Team: Alessio Constantino, Martin Pfleger, Oliver Bray, Theodor Wender, Irena Predalic, Celina Auterio, Carlota Boyer

Competition Team: Sam Saffarian, Eva Tiedemann, Brandon Gehrke, Cynthia Du, Grace Chung, Aurora Santan, Olga Yatsyuk

Client: 1000 Biscayne Tower, LLC

Consultants

Local Architect: O’Donnell Dannwolf Partners

Structural: DeSimone

MEP: HNGS Consulting Engineers

Civil: Terra Civil Engineering

Landscape: Enea Garden Design

Fire Protection: SLS Consulting Inc

Vertical Transportation: Lerch Bates Inc

Wind Tunnel Consultant: RWDI

Project Data

Height: 709ft

Gross Area: 911,027sq.ft

Levels: 66

Townhouse Units: 4

Half Floor Units: 70

Full Floor Units: 8

Penthouse: 1

Parking Spaces: 260