아르헨티나 부에노스아이레스의 집합주거 Jacinto Chiclana…
38개의 작은 주거단위로 구성된 L자형의 매스 구조물
남아메리카대륙 아르헨티나 부에노스아이레스의 교외에 위치한 모레노 북서부에 이색적인 집합 주거건물이 들어섰다. 하신토 치클라나(Jacinto Chiclana)는 아르헨티나의 두 거장인 보르헤스와 피아졸라의 탱고에 영향을 받아 붙여진 이름으로, 탱고는 그 자체로 건축물과 디자인에 고스란히 반영되었다. 건물의 외관은 L자형 매스가 또 다른 콘크리트 구조물에 의해 둘러싸여 있는 형상이다. 이러한 개념은 복도를 비롯해 새로운 매개공간을 만들어준다. 환경적 측면에서 볼 때 겨울에는 열 손실을 줄여주고 여름에는 열 흡수를 차단하는 기능을 맡는다.
하신토 치클라나는 38개의 작은 주거 단위로 구성되어 있다. 각각의 공간은 태양열과 통풍에 최적화되어 있다. 넓은 공동 공간들은 사적 공간들을 축소시키는 것을 추구한다. 테라스에 큰 부엌과 식사공간이 마련되어 있으며, 수영장을 비롯한 공용 샤워 공간도 존재한다. 공용 공간은 모든 주거 단위로부터 쉽게 접근이 가능하며 지하부터 테라스에 이르기까지 엘리베이터로 연결되어 있다. 통행 공간은 이동경로를 용이하게 하는 것에 최적화하기 보다는 개방된 공간으로 구성하여 이웃들 간에 서로 마주보는 삶을 영위할 수 있도록 새롭게 해석되었다.
건물의 구조는 철근콘크리트와 전통적인 석조 건축을 이용하여 내벽을 구성하고 있다. 또한, 콘크리트 슬래브는 약 30%정도 콘크리트 필요량을 줄일 수 있는 프레노바 시스템을 사용하여 시공한 것이다. 동쪽 파사드는 보르헤스의 작품을 기념하며 지역 예술가에 의해 조각되어 있다. 겉으로 보기에는 철문과 울타리에 손으로 쓴 글귀처럼 보이는 것이 특징이다. 내부 콘크리트는 현대문학 속 보르헤스의 신화적인 도시 변두리를 암시하는 일련의 초상화를 구성했다.
엘리베이터의 유리 벽 뒷면은 로컬 아티스트인 Pedro Menard에 의한 설치미술이 자리하고 있으며 지하부터 테라스로 이동함으로써 전체를 조망할 수 있다. 1층의 천장은 CNC 라우터에 의해 조각된 나무 패널로 덮여 있다. 발코니와 테라스에는 스테인리스 스틸 핸드레일과 강화유리로 구성된 가드레일이 있다. 온천, 수영장, 거품 목욕 등 다양한 깊이감을 가진 풀들이 내부와 외부 공간을 서로 가로지르며 거주자에게 색다른 공간을 제공한다.
김정연 ‧ 백광현 ‧ 이혜정 기자
Architect_ Juan Micieli
Photo by Federico Kulekdjian
Credits : Studio Ça, Arq. Juan Micieli
Team : Alejandro Micieli, Natalia Arroyo, Antoine Segurel, Catalina Piazza.
Client : Metrópolis Durable
Location : Buenos Aires, Argentina
The building Jacinto Chiclana offers collective housing on a northwest corner property in Moreno, suburb of Buenos Aires. The building’s namesake, a character from the Borges-Piazzola tango, and the tango itself are lionized throughout the building and reflected in its design and construction.
The L shape of the building creates a central patio, with expansive, semi-enclosed central patio. The building is enveloped by a second concrete skin that is both structural and definitive of the buildings loggia. This creates intermediate spaces around the lateral facades and this fifth facade that incorporate the exterior in the interior space and the interior in the exterior. From an environmental perspective, this intermediate space serves as an initial barrier that reduces heat loss during the winter and heat gain during the summer.
JCH consists in 38 small housing units, each with optimized sunlight conditions and cross ventilation. The ample common spaces seek to complete the reduced personal space; providing a large kitchen and dining area on the terrace and a brick grill, fire pit and pool off the central patio, both accompanied by public bathrooms. The common spaces are easily accessible from every unit, connected by elevator from basement to terrace, promoting the appropriation of these spaces by the residents. JCH consists in 38 small housing units, each with optimized sunlight conditions and cross ventilation. The ample common spaces seek to complete the reduced personal space; providing a large kitchen and dining area on the terrace and a brick grill, fire pit and pool off the central patio, both accompanied by public bathrooms. The common spaces are easily accessible from every unit, connected by elevator from basement to terrace, promoting the appropriation of these spaces by the residents. The areas of transit were reinterpreted in the interest of quality, creating open spaces, with sunlight and a view that facilitate life and encounters between neighbors, rather than optimizing circulation.
The structure of the building is made of reinforced concrete and the internal walls with traditional masonry. The concrete slabs were constructed using the prenova system, which reduced concrete requirements by 30 %. Because this concrete is not the primary interior material, it can be left unpolished without compromising thermal conditions Both laminate and wood shutters were used in the concrete formwork. The eastern facade was etched by a local artist in commemoration of the works of Borges, matching the seemingly handwritten text of the iron gate and fence.
In the interior, the concrete is graffitied with a series of portraits that allude to the Borges’ mythological city outskirts in a contemporary language. Behind the glass posterior wall of the elevator, the permanent artistic installation by Pedro Menard, a local artist, can be viewed in its entirety by traveling from the basement to the terrace. The ceilings of the ground floor are overlaid with wood panels carved by a CNC router. Guardrails on the balconies and terraces are made of safety glass with stainless steel handrails. Concrete and water meet in the heated pool, which crosses internal and external space at a variety of depths and offers spaces appropriate for swimming, wading, and using the jacuzzi.
JCH is a work that integrates into its surroundings, into the green of the neighborhood and the community of buildings that are beginning to arise. Studies_ Graduated in UBA, College of Buenos Aires(2010), Posgraduate in architecture and technology - College Di Tella(2013), Master II in École Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture Paris Malaquais(2007/08), Traditional Animation Art - Garaycochea School(2003/6.), Teaching at_ Ecole Supérieure d'Architecture de Nantes(2013/14), PU-PA - College of Buenos Aires(2010/13)
VIΛ 57 West designed by BIG-Bjarke Ingels Group for Durst Organization introduces an entirely new typology to New York City: the Courtscraper. The 830 000 sq ft highrise combines the density of the Manhattan skyscraper with the communal space of the Copenhagen courtyard, offering 709 residential units with a lush 22 000 sq ft garden at the heart of the building.
VIΛ occupies a full city block at the corner of West 57th Street and the West Side Highway, with uninterrupted views towards the Hudson River Park and the waterfront. Durst Organization commissioned BIG to design a building for the site in the spring of 2010 and the construction commenced in 2011. The 32-story building has welcomed residents since May 2016 with the construction completing this Fall. Earlier this year, The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) named VIΛ the Best Tall Building in the Americas as part of its 2016 Tall Buildings Award.
“We are very excited about the building, and the activity has exceeded our expectations in terms of velocity and the rents. We always were thrilled with the building but even more so now.” – Douglas Durst, The Durst Organization (from an interview with Commercial Observer)
The VIΛ Courtscraper is a hybrid between the European perimeter block and the traditional Manhattan high-rise. The building peaks at 450 feet at its north-east corner, thereby both maximizing the number of apartments and graciously preserving the adjacent Helena Tower’s views of the river. VIΛ’s form shifts depending on the viewer’s vantage point. From the west it is a hyperbolic paraboloid or a warped pyramid. From the east, the Courtscraper appears like a slender spire.
The shared green space at heart of the block is derived from the classic Copenhagen ‘urban oasis’. Like a bonsai Central Park—the courtyard has the exact same proportions as Olmsted’s park, just 13,000 times smaller. In a similar accumulation of natural landscapes, the courtyard transforms from a shaded forest in the east, to a sunny meadow in the west, featuring 80 newly planted trees and lawns, and 47 species of native plant material.
“In recent decades, some of the most interesting urban developments have come in the form of nature and public space, reinserting themselves back into the postindustrial pockets, appearing around the city; the pedestrianization of Broadway & Times Square; the bicycle lanes, the High Line and the industrial piers turning into parks. Located at the northern tip of the Hudson River Park, VIΛ continues this process of greenification allowing open space to invade the urban fabric of the Manhattan city grid. In an unlikely fusion of what seems to be two mutually exclusive typologies – the courtyard and the skyscraper, the Courtscraper is the recent addition to the Manhattan skyline, showing that we don’t have to limit our choices to one or the other – in architectural BIGamy – we get to have both.” Bjarke Ingels, Founding Partner, BIG.
By keeping three corners of the block low and lifting the north-east portion of the building, the courtyard opens views towards the Hudson River and brings the low western sun deep into the block. While the courtyard is a private space and a sanctuary for residents, it can still be seen from the outside, creating a visual connection to the greenery of the Hudson River Park.
The building is predominantly residential units of different sizes with cultural and commercial program at the street level and the second floor. The lower levels of VIA have a strong relationship to the courtyard. The lobby is connected directly to the courtyard via a grand stair which invites residents into the courtyard space; the generous amenities at VIA, including lounges and events spaces, a golf simulator, movie screening room, a pool, a basketball court, gym and exercise studios, and game rooms for poker, ping pong, billiards and shuffle board are constructed around the courtyard to create a strong physical and visual connection between the interior and exterior communal spaces.
At the upper levels the apartments are organized on a fishbone layout orienting the homes towards the view of the water. Large terraces are carved into the warped façade to maximize views and light into apartments, while ensuring privacy to the residents.
The material concept for the interior design of the project is “Scandimerican”, another layer of the European-American hybridity. Classic modern Scandinavian material sensibility blended with local New York materials. The primary materials of the apartments are oak wood floors and cabinets and white porcelain tiles in the bathrooms. As an ultimate union of Scandimerican design, the event spaces feature the Via57 chair, designed in collaboration with BIG and KiBiSi for Danish heritage brand, Republic of Fritz Hansen. The design translates the distinct tetrahedronal shape of the building into a multi-functional piece of furniture, bringing a piece of the Manhattan skyline into shared living spaces for VIΛ residents.
The building also features a complementing eight-story sculpture by Stephen Glassman entitled “Flows Two Ways,” anchored on the façade of the adjacent Helena tower. Once completed, the ground floor commercial space will host such public amenities as a restaurant from the Livanos Restaurant Group, a Landmark Theatres movie cinema and the first U.S. retail store for the American Kennel Club.
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