Glanhof 1 Housing_ 글란 호프 1 하우징

도시의 태양광 시스템을 건물의 지그재그형 파사드 디자인에 접목시킨…

오스트리아 클라겐푸르트 복합 주거단지 내의 에너지 효율화를 위한 효과적인 대안으로 작용해

오스트리아 케른텐주 남부 도시인 클라겐푸르트의 중심부에 글란 호프 1(Glanhof 1)이라는 새로운 복합주거단지가 들어섰다. 글란 호프는 글란강(Glan R.)가에 위치하고 있으며 햇볕이 잘드는 푸르른 안마당을 둘러싸고 있는 3개의 건물의 구조에서 이름 붙여졌다.

설계를 맡은 건축디자인그룹 아키텍츠 콜렉티브(Architects Collective)는 중정을 가운데 두고 ㅁ자 형태로 건물을 에워싸고 있는 독특한 복합 주거단지를 디자인하였다. 글란 호프1은 연면적 6.600m²(1st phase)에 지하 1층, 지상 5층 규모로 총 53세대로 구성되며, 기하학적 패턴의 파사드가 눈길을 자아낸다. 북동측에 면한 건물의 입면은 수백 개의 태양광전지를 통합한 지그재그 형태로 독특하고 불규칙적인 리듬감을 드러낸다.

태양광 시스템은 건축의 필수적인 요소가 되기 불과 얼마 전까지 등한시되어 왔던 것이 사실이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 대부분의 태양광 시스템은 여전히 지붕에 숨어 있는 경우가 다반사이다. 이에 비해 글란 호프 1에서는 당당히 외관을 구성하는 주요 구성 요소로 작용하는 것이다. 햇볕이 내리쬐는 계절에는 여분의 태양광 에너지를 저장소에 축적하고 추운 계절이 되면 이 에너지를 방출하여 난방에 활용한다. 이러한 방식은 에너지 효율적임과 동시에 자원을 절약함으로써 기존 파사드의 대안이 될 수 있다. 또한, 건물을 에너지 자율적이게 만들어 부가적인 이점을 제공한다. 태양광 모듈은 복합주거 단지의 전반적인 에너지 개념에 대한 일원으로 작용한다. 대부분의 온수와 난방은 지붕 위의 태양광 패널 시스템과 열펌프 시스템, 지열 시스템에 의해 생산된다. 특히 태양광 시스템 요소들은 직접적으로 열펌프에 연결되며 시스템의 전반적인 효율성을 증대시킨다. 태양광 패널의 내부 영역은 제법 규모 있는 발코니를 포함한다. 발코니를 매개로 한 차별화된 입면 구성은 피셸도퍼 스트리트와 직접적으로 마주하고 있으며 거리를 향해 길게 늘어선 형태이다.

53세대로 구성된 내부 유니트는 아이들과 한부모 가정, 독신, 노인 등 다양한 거주자들의 삶을 수용한다. 프로젝트를 계획하면서 구 세대들의 요구사항을 충족시키는 동시에 젊은 세대들을 단지 내로 끌어들이고자 하였다. 50㎡ 규모의 아파트 16세대는 시설 주거로, 24시간 이용 가능한 응급 콜 시스템이 구축되어 있다. 전면이 유리로 구성된 1층은 카페, 자전거 주차장 등의 공유공간이 존재하며, 다세대 간의 만남의 장소가 된다.

오스트리아 빈을 기반으로 활동하는 AC(Architects Collective)는 Andreas Frauscher, Richard Klinger 및 Kurt Sattler에 의해 2006년 설립된 건축디자인 그룹이다. AC는 현재 오스트리아, 독일, 동유럽, 북미 및 아시아 지역의 소규모 건축물에서 부터 대규모 복합 건물 및 마스터플랜 계획 및 관리에 이르기까지 다양한 경험을 갖추고 있으며, 현재 국제적으로 건축, 도시 계획 및 예술 프로젝트를 수행한다. AC는 L House, Erich Sattler Winery, Lee Fruit Orchard, Ozulama Residence 등의 프로젝트로 잘 알려져 있으며, 혁신적인 기술과 에너지 최적화 개념에 대한 기준을 통해 전문적인 계획과 컨설턴트를 수행한다.

김미현 ‧ 신정은 ‧ 이혜정 기자

Andreas Frauscher DI Arch partner, Richard Klinger DI Arch partner

Kurt Sattler MArch LEED partner

자료_ Architects Collective(AC)/ Photo by Leonhard Hilzesauer

The Glanhof is a multi-story housing complex with 150 units in the center of Klagenfurt, Austria. It is named for its location on the Glan River and the arrangement of three building structures surrounding a green and sunny courtyard. In the first phase, a long-stretched structure was built along the Pischeldorfer street, which can be reached via an access balcony with a unique irregular zig-zag geometric facade that integrates hundreds of photovoltaic elements. The 50~75㎡ sized subsidized apartments feature up to 15㎡ large balconies oriented to the courtyard. Part of the energy concept of the virtually self-sufficient project is the geothermal brine reservoir that stores excess solar energy from the photovoltaic system during sunny months.

Photovoltaic systems have been neglected and could often still be found hidden on the roof not too long ago before becoming an integral part of architecture. The solar design for Glanhof 1 developed by Architects Collective integrates the photovoltaic panels into the glass facade along the street making it an energy-efficient and at the same time resource-saving alternative to conventional facade elements. They fulfill with their elegant appearance, the same functions, but create an additional benefit by making the building virtually energy autonomous. The long-stretched building, with 53 apartments floats on top of the fully-glassed ground floor that features common areas such as a cafe, buggies and bicycle parking, is a multi-generational-meetingpoint including common spaces. At the same time, this base zone separates the green courtyard and the playground along the street where the entrance for the pedestrian and parking garage into the basement are located. From the street and the garage the inhabitants walk the four residential floors over two generous glazed staircases into an open access balcony.

The residential mix of Glanhof 1 consists of families with children, single parents, singles and the elderly. The project was conceived together with Hilfswerk Kärnten and meets the requirements of the older generation and at the same time brings younger people into the housing complex. In the first phase, 16 units with 50m² were built for assisted living, which are equipped with a 24 hour emergency call system. They are further connected by an elevator that allows hospital beds in the senior citizens center and the meeting room on the ground floor.

The photovoltaic modules are part of the overall energy concept of the housing complex. Most of the hot water and heating is produced by a system of solar panels on the roof, a heat pump system and a geothermal reservoir. The photovoltaic elements are also connected directly to the heat pump and significantly increase the overall efficiency of the system. Excess solar energy is supplied and stored into a geothermal brine reservoir during the sunny months. This energy is then is released during colder month and latched into the heat pump system and made usable for heating. Only a small proportion of energy is required in the form of electricity for the heat pump and district heating for higher temperatures to support the water heating by external providers.

Architects Collective Architects Collective(AC) was founded in 2006 by Andreas Frauscher, Richard Klinger and Kurt Sattler in Vienna, and has since worked internationally on projects in architecture, urban planning and art. Designs are created and advanced by a collective idea finding process where creativity and expertise complement each other. Criteria for innovative technologies and energy-optimized concepts are developed within the team and by working with professional planners and consultants. The experience of the office ranges from research on small advanced structures to the planning and management of large complex buildings and master plans in Austria, Germany, Eastern Europe, North America and Asia. The best-known projects include the Klinikum Klagenfurt which received the Austrian Client Awards 2011, the Ozuluama Residence in Mexico City, the L-House Residence, Erich Sattler Winery and the ultra-low-energy Leeb Fruit Orchard which received various architecture and sustainable awards. A housing complex, a medical resort, a hospital complex and the renovation of a monastry are under constructionand a library, a clinic and a military facility are in planning phases in Austria, Romania and China. Architects Collective consists of 25 architects and engineers and offers all architecture, engineering and planning services. The work of the office is continiously represented in publications and exhibitions worldwide.

ANDREAS FRAUSCHER DI Arch, partner_ studied architecture at the Technical University Vienna. After working for various architectural offices in Vienna he was project architect for office and housing projects as well as several hospital buildings. RICHARD KLINGER DI Arch, partner_ studied at the Academy Fine Arts and the Technical University in Vienna, Austria. Before establishing AC he had his own firm and responsible for several large hospital, office and projects.

KURT SATTLER MArch LEED, partner_ studied at the University of Sydney and the Academy Fine Arts Vienna. He then worked in Vienna and Los Angeles as project architect where he was in charge of museums, theater and academic facilities.

Master plan & Architecture : Architects Collective(AC)

Team: Richard Klinger, David Lieser, Martin Schorn, David Selensky

Executive architect : Architekturbüro Müller & Hohenwarter

Client : Kärntner Siedlungswerk(KSW)

Location : A-9020 Klagenfurt Pischeldorfer Straße 53

Building technology : TB Decleva/ Immosolar

structural design : DI Jürgen Freller ZT GmbH